Significant+People


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=Significant People:=


 * Joseph McCarthy:** The namesake of McCarthyism, Joseph McCarthy, a senator from Wisconsin, accused many people of being communists. He also started the second Red Scare in the 1950's. McCarthyism is a "public accusation of disloyalty, unsupported by proof." [|Hear] McCarthy's Broadcast on his "war" against communism. He also claimed to have a list of 205 names of people who were communism. Later, that list declined and none of his accusations were proven true. He went down in history as one of the worst senators during the time.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg:** Husband and wife convicted of passing on atomic bomb information (obtained from David Greenglass, see below) to the Soviet Union. This was the first and last time anyone had been convicted and executed for espionage in the US. The case rose the scare level of US citizens, and boosted Joseph McCarthy's campaign.
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 * David Greenglass:** Ethel Rosenberg's brother was involved in the relay of information to communist Russia. He later admitted to doing so and said that his sister and brother in-law were spies too. He only received a 15 year prison sentence for his confession, however, Ethel and Julius were sentenced to death. David Greenglass is now in his early 80's and lives in Queens. He was recently interviewed by the New York Times and said, upon the subject of the entire situation in 1950, that he would, "...not change a thing!" See Ben Nickerson's Legacy page.


 * Roy Cohn:** Lawyer working with McCarthy against the Rosenbergs.

Edgar Hoover/FBI:** A key figure in the campaigns against communism. During McCarthyism, Edgar Hoover was head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). During that time, Mr. Hoover increased the number of agents in the FBI by 3,000, in order to find more suspected communists. He also created what were called "Loyalty Security Reviews." LSR's were put into effect to give the government a chance to check every single official to look for signs of communism. The government was allowed to check officials from the secretary of state to the Portland Mayor's aid. Everyone was eligible for search. During this time, the FBI broke many rules which shouldn't have been broken. They tapped phone lines, broke into homes, and opened mail. All this was done illegally.
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 * Alger Hiss:** A International Peace organizer accused of being a communist. Hiss was questioned by Richard Nixon. This case also scared Americans into believing more of what McCarthy said.




 * The Hollywood Ten:** A group of ten men in the Hollywood Film Industry who refused to answer questions during an investigation conducted by the House Un-American Acts Committee. 8/10 received year long prison sentences, when 2/10 received 6 months in jail. All were blacklisted and had their careers in Hollywood ruined.
 * • Alvah Besie:** //Objective Burme// (1945), Arrested in 1950
 * • Herbert J. Biberman:** //Salt of The Earth// Well known in France and Europe.
 * • Lester Cole:** //Lots//
 * • Edward Dmytryk:** //The Devil's Commands// One of few to return to the US and got taken off of blacklist after the passing of McCarthyism.
 * • Ring Lardner Jr.:** //Women of The Year// Won Oscar, blacklisted until 1960, and made a new debut with M*A*S*H.
 * • John Howard Lawson:** Won a Screen Writers Guild Award.
 * • Albert Maltz:** Never acted again after blacklisted.
 * • Samuel Orntiz:** Never acted again after blacklisted.
 * • Adrian Scott:** Never acted again after blacklisted.
 * • Dalton Trumbo:** //Five Came Back//, //Kitty Foylke// After being blacklisted in US, he moved to Mexico to continue acting career.


 * Karl Marx:** A German philosopher in the 1800's who came up with the idea of communism and wrote about it in the "Communist Manifesto."


 * Nikita Khrushchev:** The Soviet Union leader during the Cold War.


 * Sen. Margaret Chase Smith:** The first senator to publicly denounce the practices of Joseph McCarthy, and along with the six other senators below, got McCarthy thrown out of office. For more on Margaret Chase Smith, see the Margaret Chase Smith page, by Ben McNaboe.

//Wayne Morse Charles Tobey Edward Thye George Aiken Robert Hendrickson//


 * Mao Zedong:** Communist leader who around the time of McCarthyism, took over China.


 * Klaus Fuchs:** A general who admitted to working on the Manhattan Project and feeding information to Soviet spy, David Greenglass. This scared many Americans and fed the fire of the Red Scare.


 * President Harry Truman:** During the Red Scare he set up the Federal Employee Loyalty in 1947. This made it legal for suspects to be put on trial and asked questions against constitutional rights because they were thought to be communist. In 1947, Truman also set up the Loyalty Review/ Loyalty Boards, which would start to investigate workers in the government that were supposedly communist. Loyalty Board also made the Attorney General start a list of 90 "disloyal organizations" in America. When organizations were accused of this, they didn't get an equal opportunity to fight back and have a fair trial. The Loyalty Boards also searched 3 million federal employees; later 3,000 of them ended up resigning.


 * Pat McCarren:** A senator from Nevada that persecuted many communists and established acts and organizations that prohibited communist beliefs. See Spencer Soucy's legacy page.


 * Owen Lattimore:** A sinologist (someone who studies Chinese culture). He was convicted of being a communist by Pat McCarran. He was also convicted of perjury. See Spencer Soucy's legacy page.


 * Felix Frankfurter:** A nominee for Supreme Court Justice and was attacked for being a immigrant, therefore, suspected to be a communist as well. See Spencer Soucy's legacy page.


 * John Faulk:** CBS Radio show host that used his show to warn the American people about McCarthyism. He was one of the first people to speak out against Joseph McCarthy.


 * Mitchell Palmer:** Started the first Red Scare in the 1920's. He went on "Palmer Raids," in which he rounded up people who he thought were communists. He rounded up 4,000 to 10,000 people in his raids.


 * Elizabeth Bently:** A Soviet spy working in America from 1939-1945. She later stopped her involvement with the Communist Party and Soviet Intelligence.


 * Winston Churchill:** Was the British prime minister. He said that we needed to put up an "iron curtain," which would contain communism and keep it from spreading to the rest of Europe and America.


 * Joseph Alsop:** A New York journalist who wrote about the terrors of McCarthy and the Red Scare.

• Hakim, Joy. **All The People.** New York. Oxford University Press. 1995. • [|http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/P] • "McCarthy Era." __Profiles In American Histoy.__ 1995 Edition. • "Pat McCarran." __Wikipedia.com.__ April 28, 2007. Wikimedia Foundation. May 10, 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat McCarran. • "Rosenberg Case." Answers.com. 2007. Answers Corportation. May 9, 2007. [|http://www.answers.com/topic/ethel-and-julius rosenberg] • Shannon, David. "Palmer, A. Mitchell." __World Book.__ CD-Rom. World Book. 2006. • Yarra, Michael. " The real witch hunter of the 1950s; A look at Pat McCarran of Nevada helps explain postwar Red Scare." Chicago Tribute. Jan 16, 2005:3 •http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com/images1/hiss.jpg
 * Bibliography:**

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